Movimiento corporal humano y trastorno depresivo mayor: Revisión exploratoria de enfoque multidisciplinario
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61286/e-RPM.2026.449Palabras clave:
Trastorno depresivo mayor; Psicomotricidad; Fisioterapia; Inflamación; Medicina de precisión; Revisión exploratoria.Resumen
El trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) trasciende la alteración afectiva, integrando manifestaciones somáticas y psicomotoras que condicionan su evolución clínica. Esta revisión exploratoria tuvo como objetivo mapear, describir e integrar la evidencia disponible sobre las alteraciones del movimiento corporal humano en el TDM desde una perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Siguiendo el marco metodológico del Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI) y los lineamientos PRISMA-ScR, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática en diversas bases de datos, analizando 20 artículos mediante un procedimiento cualitativo estructurado. La síntesis reflexiva se sistematizó en cuatro ejes transversales: neurobiología, fenomenología clínica, vía inmunometabólica y evaluación interdisciplinaria. La evidencia demuestra que el retardo psicomotor, la inestabilidad postural, la rigidez miofascial y el declive funcional son dimensiones constitutivas del TDM, asociadas a una disfunción frontoestriatal y a una reprogramación inmunometabólica sistémica. Las intervenciones físicas, como la fisioterapia y la neuromodulación, muestran eficacia al impactar positivamente en la conectividad central y en el afecto del paciente. En conclusión, el TDM debe comprenderse como una entidad multisistémica; la sinergia interdisciplinaria resulta fundamental para trascender los abordajes genéricos y avanzar hacia una medicina de precisión que optimice el tratamiento personalizado.
Citas
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